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Video 13 of 17
Sleep, alertness and body rhythms
Why tiredness and the timing of sleep both matter.
Preparing the animation…
The highlights illustrate contributing systems. The precise mechanisms in ADHD are still being investigated.
Sources and model credits
Sources checked September 2026. Studies differ in age, methods and populations; their relevance is explained in Technical Detail. Everyday examples illustrate a process rather than a measured brain response.
- NHLBI: the sleep–wake cycle
- NINDS: understanding sleep (2025)
- Sleep processes and ADHD: systematic review (2023)
- Sleep problems in adults with ADHD (2024)
Anatomical surface adapted from Brain Project, Z-Anatomy / BodyParts3D, © DBCLS and contributors. Adapted geometry: CC BY-SA 4.0. Three.js: MIT licence.
Narration: Emma (Kokoro bf_emma). The recording is included in this file and plays offline.